Class 12 Computer Science Chapter 8 Notes
Important Notes of complete Class 12 Computer Science Chapter 8 Notes written by Professor Mr. Faraz Qasir Suib. These notes are very helpful in the preparation of Class 12 Computer Science Chapter 8 Notes for the students of the intermediate and these are according to the paper patterns of all Punjab boards.
Summary and Contents:
Topics which are discussed in the notes are given below:
- Define Computer Program, High Level Programming
Language and Low Level Programming Language: Answer :
Computer Program : A computer is a device that follows the instructions given to it.
[A well-defined set of instructions given to the computer is called a computer
program.
High Level Programming Language : A computer program is written in a
programming language. [A computer programming language that describes the set of
statements / commands / instructions nearest / similar to written English language].
The examples are Pascal, Ada, Small Talk, C, C++, Java etc.
Low Level Programming Language : In starting years (1940s and 1950s) computer
programs were written in machine language, this was very difficult and time taking for
programmers. Later on, Assembly language was introduced that used pneumonics
(understandable names for various instructions), and was thus comparatively easier
and time saving for programmers.
- Describe C Language and give its short History.
- Explain C Program Development Process with
Diagram.
- Describe Unstructured and Structured Programming
Languages.
- Briefly Explain C Program Structure with Example: Answer :
C Program Structure : The structure of a C program is very flexible which increases
the power of the language. C is a structured programming language; therefore it
provides a well- defined way of writing programs. A C program is combined with
many other files before execution. The linker does this job. But we have to specify
these files to be linked. We understand the basic structure of the C program with the
help of example :
Hello World - A simple C program : A simple C program that displays the phrase
Hello World ! on the screen.
- Describe Common Programming Errors? Briefly
explain various types of Programming Errors.
- Describe the two broad categories of Programming
Languages.
- Explain Common Characteristics of High Level
Programming Languages: Answer :
Common Characteristics of High Level Programming Languages
Each of these languages has some advantages and disadvantages over the other e.g.,
FORTRAN has very powerful mathematical capabilities while the COBOL is ideal for
writing business applications, C and C++ are very handy for writing system software
while Java is equipped with strong network programming features. Besides having
different features, all high level programming languages have some common
characteristics are :
English Like Languages : These are English like languages, hence are close to
human languages and far from the machine language and are very easy to learn.
Easy to Modify and Debug : Programs written in high level languages are easy
to modify and debug, and more readable.
Concentrate on Problem : These languages let the Programmers concentrate
on problem being solved rather than human-machine interaction. Well Defined : These describe a well defined way of writing programs.
Understanding The Machine Architecture : These do not require a deep
understanding of the machine architecture.
Machine Independence : High level languages provide machine independence.
It means programs written in a high level language can be executed on many
different types of computers with a little modification. For example, programs
written in C can be executed on Intel® processors as well as Motorola
processors with a little modification.